Showing posts with label copy. Show all posts
Showing posts with label copy. Show all posts

Friday, March 30, 2012

import one table from one database to another database

if i have one table from database A, and i want to copy the table to database B, then how to do it in SQL server management studio express? is it i have to make sql query?

try

select * into databaseB.dbo.TableA
from databaseA.dbo.TableA

or go to database B and run

select * into TableA
from databaseA.dbo.TableA

This will not copy constraints only data.

if it will not work right click on database and from task select import or export and select source destination , table to copy and run created SSIS package.

|||

i don't try yet the query. anyway, i right click on the database but i don't find any task that saying select import or export?

|||

i don't try yet the query. anyway, i right click on the database but i don't find any task that saying select import or export?

|||

Right click on your database in Object Explorer and in menu select tasks and next import export, Sorry it does not work in Management studio express, nut if you have SP1 and integration developments studio installed you can do it inside it.

Import ODBC Drivers

Is there a way to import or copy the odbc drivers from my server to my client
without having to go through the process of setting up a new driver, defining
the format, etc... on each client machine.
Yes, I searched first
Hi
No. Windows drivers are intended to be installed with a setup program.
Regards
Mike Epprecht, Microsoft SQL Server MVP
Zurich, Switzerland
IM: mike@.epprecht.net
MVP Program: http://www.microsoft.com/mvp
Blog: http://www.msmvps.com/epprecht/
"Kmistic" <Kmistic@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:5D4392DD-19E7-4C99-94DC-CAC577991954@.microsoft.com...
> Is there a way to import or copy the odbc drivers from my server to my
client
> without having to go through the process of setting up a new driver,
defining
> the format, etc... on each client machine.
> --
> Yes, I searched first

Friday, March 23, 2012

Import Export wizard

Hello,

I am having alot of problems with the import export wizard. I am trying to copy over around 315 tables to a new database. When the tables are copied over to the new database they are copied without any of the original constraints. Does anyone know why this could be happening? What I am trying to accomplish is a simple database transfer with the exception of about 10 to 15 tables from the original database. I do not understand why this is such a problem. I did not create a package, as this is going to be a one time shot.

Any help would be appreciated.

Thanks,

David

My understanding is that its not supposed to copy constraints. The import wizard is all about moving data, not schema objects. Of course, if you're moving data into a database then it has to have somewhere to put it so in this case, yes, it creates some tables for you. If you want to do move other schema objects then the simple answer is to script them out in SSMS and run the scripts on the target server. This is alot easier in SQL2005 than it used to be because in SSMS you can now change the connection so you dont have to copy and paste between differernt windows.

-Jamie

Wednesday, March 21, 2012

Import Excel data to SQL Server

Hi,

I have a problem of importing excel data into the SQL database. When I import the database (finish all importing steps), it tell me "Fail to copy 1 table" and I go to view the error message say that "Error at Source for Row number 19. Errors encountered so fat in the task: 1. Data for source column 2 ('Notes') is too large for the specified buffer size."

I try to remove that line record but still have many lines have the same problem. So, can I change the importing buffer size in SQL Server to make me import data becomes successful??

Thanks a lot.you're probably loading it to a pre-made table right? I'm assuming you have a varchar field that isn't large enough. Try maxing it out to 8000 to make sure. It's kind of a pain to load in batch. It always makes me nervous|||Thanks for reply. I try it but I got the same error message. Is it need to set more bigger buffer size for SQL server importing the data?|||Oh... I got it.
Because the SQL will specify the buffer size on that column field of the first eight rows. So, I moved the field which have many character to the second row. Then it works.
Thanks for help :)

Monday, March 19, 2012

Import Data Status

Dear all,
I need to copy data from one DB to another DB using the Import Data
function. When I started the transfer, it ran for a certain period then
stopped at around 50% of progress for few hours. The status shown in the
dialog is 608, another case is showing 703. What is the meaning of the
statuses? How can I get reference information about the statuses?
Thanks for any help!
Tedmond
Tedmond
I have no idea about these statuses . Consider using T-SQL to copy the data
between the databases
INSERT INTO db1.dbo.Table1 (col1,col2....) SELECT col1,col2.... FROM
db2.dbo.Table2
"Tedmond" <Tedmond@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:234701C5-E121-4499-B291-3432C8917DA6@.microsoft.com...
> Dear all,
> I need to copy data from one DB to another DB using the Import Data
> function. When I started the transfer, it ran for a certain period then
> stopped at around 50% of progress for few hours. The status shown in the
> dialog is 608, another case is showing 703. What is the meaning of the
> statuses? How can I get reference information about the statuses?
> Thanks for any help!
> Tedmond
>

Import Data Status

Dear all,
I need to copy data from one DB to another DB using the Import Data
function. When I started the transfer, it ran for a certain period then
stopped at around 50% of progress for few hours. The status shown in the
dialog is 608, another case is showing 703. What is the meaning of the
statuses? How can I get reference information about the statuses?
Thanks for any help!
TedmondTedmond
I have no idea about these statuses . Consider using T-SQL to copy the data
between the databases
INSERT INTO db1.dbo.Table1 (col1,col2....) SELECT col1,col2.... FROM
db2.dbo.Table2
"Tedmond" <Tedmond@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:234701C5-E121-4499-B291-3432C8917DA6@.microsoft.com...
> Dear all,
> I need to copy data from one DB to another DB using the Import Data
> function. When I started the transfer, it ran for a certain period then
> stopped at around 50% of progress for few hours. The status shown in the
> dialog is 608, another case is showing 703. What is the meaning of the
> statuses? How can I get reference information about the statuses?
> Thanks for any help!
> Tedmond
>

Import Data Status

Dear all,
I need to copy data from one DB to another DB using the Import Data
function. When I started the transfer, it ran for a certain period then
stopped at around 50% of progress for few hours. The status shown in the
dialog is 608, another case is showing 703. What is the meaning of the
statuses? How can I get reference information about the statuses?
Thanks for any help!
TedmondTedmond
I have no idea about these statuses . Consider using T-SQL to copy the data
between the databases
INSERT INTO db1.dbo.Table1 (col1,col2....) SELECT col1,col2.... FROM
db2.dbo.Table2
"Tedmond" <Tedmond@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:234701C5-E121-4499-B291-3432C8917DA6@.microsoft.com...
> Dear all,
> I need to copy data from one DB to another DB using the Import Data
> function. When I started the transfer, it ran for a certain period then
> stopped at around 50% of progress for few hours. The status shown in the
> dialog is 608, another case is showing 703. What is the meaning of the
> statuses? How can I get reference information about the statuses?
> Thanks for any help!
> Tedmond
>

Import Data Problem

Hi all...
I am trying to copy all tables, views, and stored procedures (except for only
one table the user does not want copied) from a database on a remote server to
another database on a local server. Every time I try to run this copy procedure,
it runs for a while and the throws the following error:
ALTER TABLE statement conflicted with TABLE FOREIGN KEY constraint
'Foreign_Key_Name'. The conflict occurred in database 'LocalDB', table
'Local_Table_Name'.
The source tables have multiple relationships defined to multiple fields in each
table, and I think this is where it is failing.
What can I do to work around this to get the object copied?
Thanks!
Do you get this error when you try to create the script or when you run the
script?
If you get it when you run the script you have a dependency problem. You
will have to investigate when the problem occurs and order these elements
of your script accordingly.
Hilary Cotter
Looking for a SQL Server replication book?
http://www.nwsu.com/0974973602.html
Looking for a FAQ on Indexing Services/SQL FTS
http://www.indexserverfaq.com
"Darrell" <Darrell.Wright.nospam@.okc.gov> wrote in message
news:%235fjmbdFFHA.3616@.TK2MSFTNGP10.phx.gbl...
> Hi all...
> I am trying to copy all tables, views, and stored procedures (except for
only
> one table the user does not want copied) from a database on a remote
server to
> another database on a local server. Every time I try to run this copy
procedure,
> it runs for a while and the throws the following error:
> ALTER TABLE statement conflicted with TABLE FOREIGN KEY constraint
> 'Foreign_Key_Name'. The conflict occurred in database 'LocalDB', table
> 'Local_Table_Name'.
> The source tables have multiple relationships defined to multiple fields
in each
> table, and I think this is where it is failing.
> What can I do to work around this to get the object copied?
> Thanks!
|||I just modify and click through the Import Data Wizard, then click the button to
make it go, and sit back and wait. It shows progress, then after a loooong while
(because this is a large database), the error I described pops up. I also have a
DTS package built that I can alter and run. It only has the one task "Copy SQL
Server Objects". So, I am not quite sure what you mean by "order these elements."
Hilary Cotter wrote:
> Do you get this error when you try to create the script or when you run the
> script?
> If you get it when you run the script you have a dependency problem. You
> will have to investigate when the problem occurs and order these elements
> of your script accordingly.
>
|||take the problem table out and try to DTS it again, unfortunately this will
mean you are starting from scratch again. So you might want to find out what
tables have been successfully exported and then only DTS the tables which
are missing.
You might want also want to look at backing up the database and restoring it
on the destination server.
The problem is SQL Server uses a table called sysdepends to track
dependencies. This table can get out of sync by various database
operations - like alter proc statements.
Hilary Cotter
Looking for a SQL Server replication book?
http://www.nwsu.com/0974973602.html
Looking for a FAQ on Indexing Services/SQL FTS
http://www.indexserverfaq.com
"Darrell" <Darrell.Wright.nospam@.okc.gov> wrote in message
news:exNXBHfFFHA.4072@.TK2MSFTNGP10.phx.gbl...
> I just modify and click through the Import Data Wizard, then click the
button to
> make it go, and sit back and wait. It shows progress, then after a loooong
while
> (because this is a large database), the error I described pops up. I also
have a
> DTS package built that I can alter and run. It only has the one task "Copy
SQL
> Server Objects". So, I am not quite sure what you mean by "order these
elements."[vbcol=seagreen]
> Hilary Cotter wrote:
the[vbcol=seagreen]
elements[vbcol=seagreen]

Monday, March 12, 2012

Import data from MS SQL Server - error

I have a remote database which I need to make a local copy of. I have sucessfully scripted the db and created it locally. however I cannot import the data to the local server. I get this error:

[Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server]Cannot truncate table

i think i am doing everything ok but it still wont work.dbo.xxx beacause its being referenced by a foreign key constraint.

Any ideaas welcome.

Gary


Apparently, the process is attempting to TRUNCATE the table -and since there is an established PK-FK relationship on the table, TRUNCATE will not work.


You can either
(a) DROP the FK CONSTRAINT, inport the data, recreate the FK CONSTRAINT, or
(b) USING "DELETE FROM MyTable", remove all of the rows of data, or
(c) Load the Parent table first before loading the child table.

|||

my question is why don't u use backup/restore method to get the database created localy. the only reason for not doing so is .. you don't want all the object created in the local copy... if that is the case then ok... otherwise go for backup/restore method

Madhu

Friday, March 9, 2012

Import data from diferent vendors

Hello,

I have this kind of situation: I have Oracle database from an old application and i have to maje an job to copy it every day into an SQL Server 2005 database. The data should stay in both databases. Is this posible to do it with an job or i have to develop an service? If it is possibe i would like to know how. Is the same possible but from DB2 database to SQL Server 2005 database?

Thanks

Yes its possible. there are many method

(a) Create a linkedserver to Oracledatabase and copy the data : Read Linkedserver In BOL(Books online)

(b) Create a SSIS (Integration Service) package to migrate the data.

(c) Openddatasource

alll these can be scheduled though a job

Madhu

|||

can same be done with DB2 database instead of oracle?

|||

yes it can be done. only the provider changes..

Madhu

Wednesday, March 7, 2012

Import and Export Wizard: transferring multiple tables from SQL Server 2005 to SQL Server 2000

Hi!

I just used the SSIS Import and Export Wizard to copy 50+ tables from SS05 to SS2K.

I found that the wizard created a package that I could not figure out how to edit, e.g., to change whether or not it had to CREATE a table, or just use an existing one. (I created some problems by manually editing the receiving table names to be ones that already existed -- but the original names it had did not exist, so it knew it had to create them. What I should have done, and eventually ended up doing, was scroll through my list of tables in the "receiving" box; I just figured editing the name would be faster, not realizing what problems I would create for myself.)

Anyhow, now that I see the complex package that the wizard creates, with a LOOP over the 50+ tables, I would like to know how/where in the package it is storing the information about the tables to copy.

Basically the wizard creates the following Control Flow tab entries (in processing sequence order):

an Execute SQL Task: NonTransactableSql an Execute SQL Task: START TRANSACTION a Sequence Container: Transaction Scoping Sequence, which contains an Execute SQL Task: AllowedToFailPrologueSql an Execute SQL Task: PrologueSql a Foreach Loop Container, which contains a Transfer Task with an icon I did not notice in the Toolbox an Execute Package Task: Execute Inner Package an Execute SQL Task: EpilogueSql an "on success" arrow to an Execute SQL Task: COMMIT TRANSACTION an Execute SQL Task: PostTransaction Sql an "on failure" arrow to an Execute SQL Task: ROLLBACK TRANSACTION an Execute SQL Task: CompensatingSql

Where, and how, can I look within this package to see the details about the tables I am transferring? I see that one of the Connection Managers is "TableSchema.XML" -- but it points to a temporary file on my hard drive, that I presume is populated by the package. Where does it get its information?

This is certainly much more complex than the package I would have written, based on my limited knowledge of SSIS. I would have been inclined to create 50+ Data Flow tasks, one for each table.

So now I'm trying to understand why the Wizard created this more-complex package.

Any help will be appreciated, including references to non-Microsoft books/websites/etc.

Thanks in advance.

Dan

Hi Dan,

you can also have a package with 50 parallel data flows built if you uncheck the "Optimize for Many Tables" checkbox. That might be easier for you to edit. This solution does not scale too well with "really" too many tables so we had to emloy the complex package you are referring to. The metadata is stored in the XML file you mentioned and the transfer task goes through that file and generates simple data flows on the fly and executes them one by one.

HTH.

|||

Bob,

Thanks.

I also now know how to get the "50 parallel data flows" that is easier to edit.

I don't understand, though, how the metadata in the XML would "tag along" if I were to save the SSIS package to the File System and copy it to a network drive, where others could use it.

Dan

|||

You would need to copy all the associated files (like the XML with metadata) and tweak the connections to point to the new location.

Thanks.

|||

Bob,

Thanks again.

So it seems the Wizard creates an SSIS package, and also whatever files are needed to support that package, e.g., the XML file with the table names and structures (if a CREATE is necessary). The user of the Wizard must be smart enough to realize that anything in the Connection Manager must accompany the SSIS package -- and that such "temporary folder" files are essential to the task (so they should not be deleted by any "housekeeping" effort on the PC). That's good to know.

I would have expected such files to end up in someplace like the BIN folder found in the same folder where the SSIS package is created. If it isn't a long explanation, maybe you might share why the development team did not use the BIN folder for such files. (I am not wanting to be "nasty" -- just curious about how such decisions are made by the development team.)

Dan

|||

Hi Dan,

the transfer tables task was not initially designed to be used by the wizard. It was built by SMO team to allow copying tables using their APIs. When used that way the internal package is invisible and it makes sense to put the additional files to the temp folders. Later, we realized it might be suitable for our purpose. We weren't sure how often our users would actually want to preserve this package.

We realized it is a problem now and found some additional issues with the table transfer provider task, so we are looking into simplifying the wizard generated packages for Katmai.

Thanks,

-Bob

|||

Bob,

Thanks for the response. I truly appreciate the help the Wizard has given me on many occasions.

I have learned a lot from the Wizard, using it to convert my SQL Server 2000 DTS Packages to SSIS, and learning from the packages it created.

Since you mentioned some new features, is there any current plan to enhance the Execute Package Utility so that it can accommodate the movement of data from MS Access 2003 SP2 to SQL Server 2005? I can do that when I use Visual Studio 2005, but when I try to execute the package with the Execute Package Utility I get many errors of the form

Error: SSIS Error Code DTS_E_PRODUCTLEVELTOLOW. The product level is insufficient for component "Data Conversion 1" (49).

The only data conversion I perform is double-byte characters to single-byte characters.

(Maybe I should ask this in a separate thread?)

Dan

|||

Are trying to run the package on the same machine it worked from the designer? What edition of the product you have installed?

It does not seem like new features are needed for this. You just need a proper edition of the product on the machine where you run the package.

Thanks.

|||

Hi Bob,

I'm having a similar issue as Dan, with two notable differences. First, I have over 300 tables to transfer and Second, most of the tables have identity columns.

When I went through the wizard, with "Optimize for Many Tables" checked, it ignored the adjustments to accept the identity values and created new values. Is there a way to adjust this script to accept the Identity values without setting up 300+ parallel data flows? The components are identical to what Dan described in the first posting.

If this can't be done, other suggestions are welcome.

Thanks - Gary

|||

Hi Gary,

unfortunately you have hit another issue with the transfer tables task I was referring to in the previous post. Currently, it is not possible to pass the identitty column settings when the "Optimize for many tables" option is selected.

The best workaround I can offer is to copy your tables in multiple batches (50 tables each should work, it might take up to 100 depending on your hardwear but you would need to test it) with unchecked "Optimize for many tables" option.

Thanks.

|||

Bob,

Thanks for your reply.

Yes, I am trying to run the package from the same machine it worked from the designer. But I am trying to run a "file system" copy of the package that I placed on the network drive. I am out of the office at the moment, so I cannot try running the exact copy on my PC hard drive -- but I will be back in the office in a few days, and can try doing so at that time.

We upgraded to SP2 a month or two ago, for SQL Server 2005. Did you need more "edition" information? If so, I will provide it on Friday, or so.

I just figured it (transfer from Access, and convert Access tables with single-byte characters to double-byte characters, as seem to be usual for SSIS input, then back to single-byte characters for placement in the SQL Server 2005 tables) was a capability that went beyond the intent of the "standalone" package runner (outside Visual Studio), Execute Package Utility.

I am pleased to learn that I may not need to use Visual Studio 2005 to perform this movement of data from Access to SQL Server 2005.

Dan

|||

Bob,

I am back at my desk, where I tried to run the SSIS package that moves approx. 50 tables from MS Access to SQL Server 2005.

The Access version is 2003 (11.6566.8132) SP2.

The SQL Server version is 9.0.3042

The only version information I see in the About box for "About DTExecUI" is "Version: 1.0". Is there some other place I should be seeking version information for this product?

Dan

|||

Dan,

I was asking about the edition of your SQL server instalation; is it Developer, Standard or Enterprise edition?

Thanks.

|||

Bob,

We have the Enterprise edition of SQL Server 2005 in the environment where I am trying to perform the task.

Dan

|||

Have you installed the entire SSIS module on all of those machines as well?

Thanks,

Bob

Import and Export Wizard throws errors when theres alot of tables

I’m trying to copy data from production to my local machine using the SQL Server 2005 import and export wizard. It works fine if I select a small number of tables but throws errors

When there’s a lot of tables. Have you ever experienced problems using it? Is there a better way to transfer the data?

the data source is SQL Server 2000 and the target is 2005. I have the optimize for many tables and transaction options selected

Here’s the errors I get

Execute the transfer with the TransferProvider. (Error)

Messages

· ERROR : errorCode=-1073451000 description=The package contains two objects with the duplicate name of "output column "ErrorCode" (49)" and "output column "ErrorCode" (14)".
helpFile=dtsmsg.rll helpContext=0 idofInterfaceWithError={8BDFE893-E9D8-4D23-9739-DA807BCDC2AC}

For help, click: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink?ProdName=Microsoft+SQL+Server&LinkId=20476

· ERROR : errorCode=-1073451000 description=The package contains two objects with the duplicate name of "output column "ErrorCode" (31)" and "input column "ErrorCode" (52)".
helpFile=dtsmsg.rll helpContext=0 idofInterfaceWithError={8BDFE893-E9D8-4D23-9739-DA807BCDC2AC}

For help, click: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink?ProdName=Microsoft+SQL+Server&LinkId=20476

· ERROR : errorCode=-1073451000 description=The package contains two objects with the duplicate name of "output column "ErrorCode" (49)" and "output column "ErrorCode" (14)".
helpFile=dtsmsg.rll helpContext=0 idofInterfaceWithError={8BDFE893-E9D8-4D23-9739-DA807BCDC2AC}

For help, click: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink?ProdName=Microsoft+SQL+Server&LinkId=20476

· ERROR : errorCode=-1073451000 description=The package contains two objects with the duplicate name of "output column "ErrorCode" (31)" and "input column "ErrorCode" (52)".
helpFile=dtsmsg.rll helpContext=0 idofInterfaceWithError={8BDFE893-E9D8-4D23-9739-DA807BCDC2AC}

For help, click: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink?ProdName=Microsoft+SQL+Server&LinkId=20476

· ERROR : errorCode=-1073451000 description=The package contains two objects with the duplicate name of "output column "ErrorCode" (49)" and "output column "ErrorCode" (14)".
helpFile=dtsmsg.rll helpContext=0 idofInterfaceWithError={8BDFE893-E9D8-4D23-9739-DA807BCDC2AC}

For help, click: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink?ProdName=Microsoft+SQL+Server&LinkId=20476

· ERROR : errorCode=-1073451000 description=The package contains two objects with the duplicate name of "output column "ErrorCode" (31)" and "input column "ErrorCode" (52)".
helpFile=dtsmsg.rll helpContext=0 idofInterfaceWithError={8BDFE893-E9D8-4D23-9739-DA807BCDC2AC}

For help, click: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink?ProdName=Microsoft+SQL+Server&LinkId=20476

· ERROR : errorCode=-1073451000 description=The package contains two objects with the duplicate name of "output column "ErrorCode" (49)" and "output column "ErrorCode" (14)".
helpFile=dtsmsg.rll helpContext=0 idofInterfaceWithError={8BDFE893-E9D8-4D23-9739-DA807BCDC2AC} (Microsoft.SqlServer.DtsTransferProvider)

For help, click: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink?ProdName=Microsoft+SQL+Server&LinkId=20476

Umm, do you have existing tables that have a column named, ErrorCode?|||very possible..if so what am i supposed to do to fix the problem ?|||Rename the columns in the tables... Really, not many options to do here.

I have created a Connect bug in relation to this:
https://connect.microsoft.com/SQLServer/feedback/ViewFeedback.aspx?FeedbackID=252471

You should go there and vote, with comments, to help give more weight to the bug. Also "validate" it.

Thanks,
Phil|||

Thx, Didn;t see the siginficance of the fact that the column was called ErrorCode Right awy. I've been trying to use Import and Export to load data from production 2000 to local 2005 for several days now and I'm pretty burnt out. The vote does not seem enabled at the moment I'll look at it again tomorrow

|||

Mike C wrote:

Thx, Didn;t see the siginficance of the fact that the column was called ErrorCode Right awy. I've been trying to use Import and Export to load data from production 2000 to local 2005 for several days now and I'm pretty burnt out. The vote does not seem enabled at the moment I'll look at it again tomorrow

You have to sign into Connect before you can vote.

Import and export to Micrsoft Access file

Hi,
I have requirment to Import and export the data using MS-access file.
I am able to read the data from MS-access file, now i have to copy the
tables to SQL server , after processing(jumble) the data again, i have
to export the data to same MS-access file.You can use DTS or Integration Services (depending on your version of SQL
Server) to do all this stuff.
Roman
Roman Rehak
http://sqlblog.com/blogs/roman_rehak
<ssriperambudur@.gmail.com> wrote in message
news:1185792490.711211.319710@.e9g2000prf.googlegroups.com...
> Hi,
> I have requirment to Import and export the data using MS-access file.
> I am able to read the data from MS-access file, now i have to copy the
> tables to SQL server , after processing(jumble) the data again, i have
> to export the data to same MS-access file.
>

Import and export to Micrsoft Access file

Hi,
I have requirment to Import and export the data using MS-access file.
I am able to read the data from MS-access file, now i have to copy the
tables to SQL server , after processing(jumble) the data again, i have
to export the data to same MS-access file.
You can use DTS or Integration Services (depending on your version of SQL
Server) to do all this stuff.
Roman
Roman Rehak
http://sqlblog.com/blogs/roman_rehak
<ssriperambudur@.gmail.com> wrote in message
news:1185792490.711211.319710@.e9g2000prf.googlegro ups.com...
> Hi,
> I have requirment to Import and export the data using MS-access file.
> I am able to read the data from MS-access file, now i have to copy the
> tables to SQL server , after processing(jumble) the data again, i have
> to export the data to same MS-access file.
>